Evaluating Sketchy Lines for the Qualitative Visualization of Uncertainty

نویسندگان

  • Nadia Boukhelifa
  • Anastasia Bezerianos
  • Tobias Isenberg
  • Jean-Daniel Fekete
چکیده

We report on results of a series of user studies on the perception of visual variables that are commonly used in the literature to depict uncertainty. To the best of our knowledge, we provide the first formal evaluation of the use of these variables to facilitate an easier reading of uncertainty in visualizations that rely on line graphical primitives. In addition to blur, dashing and grayscale, we investigate the use of ‘sketchiness’ as a visual variable because it conveys visual impreciseness that may be associated with data quality. Inspired by work in non-photorealistic rendering and by the features of hand-drawn lines, we generate line trajectories that resemble hand-drawn strokes of various levels of proficiency—ranging from child to adult strokes—where the amount of perturbations in the line corresponds to the level of uncertainty in the data. Our results show that sketchiness for the visualization of uncertainty in lines is as intuitive as blur; although people subjectively prefer dashing style over blur, grayscale and sketchiness. We discuss advantages and limitations of each technique and conclude with design considerations on how to deploy these visual variables to effectively depict various levels of uncertainty for line marks. Key-words: Uncertainty visualization, qualitative evaluation, quantitative evaluation, perception ∗ Nadia Boukhelifa is with INRIA, France; email: [email protected] † Anastasia Bezerianos is with LRI (Univ Paris-Sud & CNRS) and INRIA, France; email: [email protected]. ‡ Tobias Isenberg is with the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, and with DIGITEO/CNRS/INRIA, France; e-mail: [email protected]. § Jean-Daniel Fekete is with INRIA, France; email: [email protected]. ¶ Minor editorial changes. Evaluation de lignes dessinées á main levée pour la visualisation d’incertitude qualitative Résumé : Nous rapportons les résultats d’études utilisateurs sur la perception de variables visuelles qui sont couramment utilisées dans la littérature pour représenter l’incertitude. A notre connaissance, nous rapportons la première évaluation formelle de l’utilisation de ces variables pour faciliter la lecture de l’incertitude dans des visualisations qui reposent sur des lignes graphiques primitives. En plus du flouté, des pointillés et des niveaux de gris, nous avons étudié l’utilisation du dessin á main levée comme variable visuelle parce qu’il transmet l’imprécision qui peut être associée á la qualité des données. Inspirés par les travaux sur NPR (Non-Photorealistic Rendering) et par l’aspect des lignes tracées á la main, nous avons généré des trajectoires linéaires ressemblant á des traits dessinés á la main, et correspondant á différents niveaux de compétence—allant de l’enfant á l’adulte—pour lesquels la quantité de perturbations dans la ligne correspondait au niveau d’incertitude des données. Nos résultats montrent que l’utilisation du dessin á main levée pour la visualisation de l’incertitude dans les lignes est aussi intuitive que le flouté, bien qu’intuitivement les personnes préfèrent subjectivement les pointillés au flou, aux niveaux de gris ainsi qu’au dessin á main levée. Nous discutons les avantages et les limites de chaque technique et nous concluons sur des considérations de conception, concernant comment déployer ces variables visuelles pour représenter efficacement plusieurs niveaux d’incertitude pour des repères linéaires. Mots-clés : Visualisation de l’incertitude, évaluation qualitative, évaluation quantitative, perception Evaluating Sketchy Lines for the Visualization of Qualitative Uncertainty 3

برای دانلود رایگان متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Evaluating the use of uncertainty visualization for exploratory analysis of land cover change: A qualitative expert user study

Extensive research on geodata uncertainty has been conducted in the past decades, mostly related to modeling, quantifying, and communicating uncertainty. But findings on if and how users can incorporate this information into spatial analyses are still rare. In this paper we address these questions with a focus on land cover change analysis. We conducted semi-structured interviews with three exp...

متن کامل

Approximate resistivity and susceptibility mapping from airborne electromagnetic and magnetic data, a case study for a geologically plausible porphyry copper unit in Iran

This paper describes the application of approximate methods to invert airborne magnetic data as well as helicopter-borne frequency domain electromagnetic data in order to retrieve a joint model of magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistivity. The study area located in Semnan province of Iran consists of an arc-shaped porphyry andesite covered by sedimentary units which may have potential ...

متن کامل

Towards Ecological Validity in Evaluating Uncertainty

Uncertainty is an inherent part of making decisions in a broad spectrum of situations, from wildfire management [14] and hurricane evacuation [3], to water use policy [4]. Studying the effects of visualizing uncertainty in these decision making contexts, however, remains a challenge due to the influence of expertise and individual differences in how experiential knowledge influences decision ma...

متن کامل

Visualization of Qualitative Locations in Geographic Information Systems

A qualitative location (QL) refers to the reference of a spatial location using linguistic terms such as qualitative descriptions and qualitative spatial relations with other geo-referenced features. Qualitative locations will be increasingly more popular in the future, driven by theoretical, technological, and database developments. Multiplicity and uncertainty are two innate characteristics o...

متن کامل

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Integrated Benders Decomposition Algorithm and Epsilon Constraint Method for Multi-Objective Facility Location Problem under Demand Uncertainty

One of the most challenging issues in multi-objective problems is finding Pareto optimal points. This paper describes an algorithm based on Benders Decomposition Algorithm (BDA) which tries to find Pareto solutions. For this aim, a multi-objective facility location allocation model is proposed. In this case, an integrated BDA and epsilon constraint method are proposed and it is shown that how P...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2012